华中师范大学《英语语言学概论》期末考试必备题集

奥鹏期末考核

31519–华中师范大学《英语语言学概论》奥鹏期末考试题库合集

单选题：
（1）A word with several meanings is called __word.
A.a polysemous
B.a synonymous
C.an abnormal
D.a multiple
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（2）According to words’ structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.
A.isolating
B.fusional
C.analytic
D.agglutinative
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（3）One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.
A.duality
B.productivity
C.displacement
D.arbitrariness
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（4）The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.
A.phatic
B.directive
C.evocative
D.performative
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（5）When –or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.
A.suffixation
B.back-formation
C.blending
D.acronymy
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（6）Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?
A.native English words
B.borrowed words
C.echoic words
D.one-syllable words
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（7）__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.(? ? ? )
A.Broca's aphasic
B.The linguistic deprivation
C.The damage on the angular gyrus
D.Wernicke's aphasic
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（8）The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.
A.the conventional nature of language
B.the creative nature of language
C.the universality of language
D.the big difference between human language and animal communication
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（9）The relation between “rose” and “flower” is labeled as ________.
A.gradability
B.complementarity
C.hyponymy
D.homonymy
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（10）The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.
A.informative
B.phatic
C.directive
D.performative
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（11）The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.
A.concord
B.government
C.recursiveness
D.cohesion
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（12）As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.
A.prescriptive
B.sociolinguistic
C.descriptive
D.psycholinguistic
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（13）How many morphemes are there in the word discharged?
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
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（14）All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.
A.hyponyms
B.compounds
C.blends
D.allomorphs
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（15）The sense relationship between “male” and “female” is _________.
A.complementarity
B.gradability
C.relational opposites
D.hyponymy
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（16）__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.
A.Linguistic geography
B.Lexicology
C.Lexicography
D.Sociolinguistics
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（17）______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
A.Degradation
B.Specialization
C.Elevation
D.Extension
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（18）Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.
A.duality
B.productivity
C.displacement
D.arbitrariness
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（19）Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .
A.Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus
B.Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
C.Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D.Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
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（20）A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.
A.unusual
B.something to be feared
C.abnormal
D.natural
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（21）A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A.coordinator
B.particle
C.preposition
D.subordinator
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（22）___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
A.Lingua franca
B.Creole
C.Pidgin
D.Standard language
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（23）When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.
A.intonation
B.tone
C.phoneme
D.sentence stress
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（24）The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.
A.bound morpheme
B.bound form
C.inflectional morpheme
D.free morpheme
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（25）The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.
A.associative
B.affective
C.stylistic
D.collocative
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（26）When –ing in ‘gangling’ is removed to get a verb ‘gangle’, we call this way of creating words ________.
A.suffixation
B.back-formation
C.blending
D.acronymy
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（27）From a funct奥鹏期末考核ional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.
A.affective
B.associative
C.stylistic
D.collocative
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（28）The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.
A.title+first name
B.title+title
C.title alone
D.first name+last name+title
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（29）Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.
A.interchangeability
B.productivity
C.cultural transmission
D.arbitrariness
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（30）In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.
A.dental
B.alveolar
C.palatal
D.labiodental
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（31）Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.
A.kibl
B.bkil
C.ilkb
D.ilbk
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（32）The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.
A.denotative
B.connotative
C.collective
D.stylistic
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（33）The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.
A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult
B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult
D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
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（34）The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.
A.phatic
B.directive
C.evocative
D.performative
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（35）A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.
A.morpheme
B.phoneme
C.grapheme
D.letter
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（36）A historical study of language is a ( ) study of language.
A.synchronic
B.diachronic
C.prescriptive
D.comparative
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（37）According to F. de Saussure, ( ) refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community.
A.parole
B.performance
C.langue
D.Language
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（38）Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between ( ) and meanings.
A.sense
B.sounds
C.objects
D.ideas
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（39）Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called ( )
A.displacement
B.duality
C.flexibility
D.cultural transmission
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（40）The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through ( ), rather than by instinct.
A.learning
B.teaching
C.books
D.both A and B
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（41）Of all the speech organs, the （ ） is/are the most flexible.
A.mouth
B.lips
C.tongue
D.vocal cords
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（42）"Can I borrow your bike?" （ ） "You have a bike."
A.is synonymous with
B.is inconsistent with
C.entails
D.presupposes
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（43）The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called （ ）.
A.semantics
B.pragmatics
C.sociolinguistics
D.psycholinguistics
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（44）（ ）refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
A.Lingua franca
B.Creole
C.Pidgin
D.Standard language
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（45）The sentence structure is （ ）.
A.only linear
B.only hierarchical
C.complex
D.both linear and hierarchical
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（46）The syntactic rules of any language are （ ）in number.
A.large
B.small
C.finite
D.infinite
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（47）A sentence is considered （ ）when it does not conform to the grammati?cal knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
A.right
B.wrong
C.grammatical
D.ungrammatical
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（48）A （ ） in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A.coordinator
B.particle
C.preposition
D.subordinator
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（49）Phrase structure rules have （ ） properties.
A.recursive
B.grammatical
C.social
D.functional
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（50）The head of the phrase “the city Rome” is （ ）.
A.the city
B.Rome
C.city
D.the city Rome
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（51）The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to （ ） construction.
A.endocentric
B.exocentric
C.subordinate
D.coordinate
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（52）The naming theory is advanced by ( ).
A.Plato
B.Bloomfield
C.Geoffrey Leech
D.Firth
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（53）“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents ( ).
A.the conceptualist view
B.contexutalism
C.the naming theory
D.behaviorism
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（54）( ) refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.
A.Polysemy
B.Synonymy
C.Homonymy
D.Hyponymy
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（55）Words that are close in meaning are called ( ).
A.homonyms
B.polysemies
C.hyponyms
D.synonyms
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（56）____________he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
A.As soon as
B.As well as
C.So far as
D.So long as
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（57）The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it____________on the way.
A.goes wrong
B.should go wrong
C.went wrong
D.would go wrong
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（58）The meeting____________over, the representatives went to visit the farm.
A.be
B.being
C.is
D.to be
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（59）Frank plays____________Alex.
A.a lot more better than
B.a lot better than
C.much more better than
D.much more well than
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（60）No one was aware____________Jane had gone.
A.where that
B.of the place
C.of where
D.the place
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（61）Is this the place ____________the exhibition was held?
A.where
B.that
C.on which
D.the one
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判断题：
（1）According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.
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（2）There are other channels, besides language, for communicating our thoughts, so language is only one aspect of semiotics.
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（3）The notion of inflection just indicates the manifestation of grammatical relationships, rather than lexical ones, through the addition of inflectional affixes.
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（4）If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.
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（5）Language is genetically transmitted.
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（6）Linguistics is the course of language.
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（7）Phonology is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and their patterns.
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（8）The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.
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（9）A phoneme in a language is a distinctive sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another.
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（10）The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.
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（11）Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.
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（12）Semantics is the main part of linguistics.
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（13）In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.
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（14）Every language is part of a culture, and it cannot but serve and reflect cultural needs.
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（15）Even in modern society, the primary medium is sound for all languages, and the fact that children acquire spoken language first before they can read or write also indicates that language is primarily vocal.
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（16）According to P. Grice, whether a speaker follows or violates the Maxims of the Cooperative Principle, he produces some implicature, i.e. a kind of extra meaning that is not contained in the utterance.
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（17）Derivation changes always result in change of the word class of the original words.
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（18）All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.
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（19）A stem first of all refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes, but an affix can be added to it.
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（20）Descriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for ‘correct’ language use, i.e., to tell people what they should say and what should not say.
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（21）The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.
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（22）An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.
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（23）The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.
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（24）In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.
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（25）“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.
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（26）The same morpheme always takes different forms in different contexts.
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（27）All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.
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（28）It doesn’t make sense to ask what language a sentence belongs to
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（29）Sentence can be extended either by conjoining or embedding, and a construction where constituents have been linked through the use of conjunction indicates a paratactic relation.
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（30）In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.
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（31）When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.
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（32）Both Chinese and English are tone languages.
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（33）The defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication are termed design features.
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（34）The case category is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence.
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（35）A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can be a word or a fragment of a sentence.
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（36）All the sounds produced by human are speech sounds.
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（37）Collocation is a term in lexicology used by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences of individual lexical items, or collocates. This relation of co-occurrence usually cannot be accounted for.
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阅读理解：
（1） The Chinese New Year is now known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the beginning of spring. Though there are some sayings about its origin, all agree that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese means year, was originally the name of a beast that started to eat people the night before the beginning of a new year. One story goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would take in a great many people at one time. People were very afraid. One day, an old man came to their help and said he would stop all this. He said to Nain, I hear that you are very strong, but can you eat up all the beasts on earth instead of people who are too weak to be your enemies? Yes, Nian agreed with him and went to kill many of the beasts on earth. People were very happy because those beasts also did bad things to people and killed their farm animals from time to time. After that, the old man, who was a god, rode on the beast Nian and left. Nian was gone, and other beasts also went into forests; people began to enjoy their happy life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper cuts on their widows and doors at each years end to drive Nian away, because red is the color the beast felt most afraid of. From then on, every year at the beginning of spring, people prepare to Guo Nian. The word Guo Nian means go through the Nian safely. Putting up red paper-cuts to drive Nian away and making dumplings for a better new year are still an every year doing by the Chinese people. However people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, they just feel the color and the food make the New Year very enjoyable.
第1小题
The Chinese New Year is also called ______
第2小题
How did the old man stop Nian from eating people?
第3小题
Why did people put up red paper-cuts instead of those of any other color?
第4小题
The best title of this passage is ________
第5小题
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

选项：
A.the Beginning of Spring
选项：
B.the Spring Festival
选项：
C.The New Spring
选项：
D.The Beast Nian
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（2） By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of others-they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nations consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very idea of heroism is something beyond us-an artifact of the past. Some maintain, that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace, our age is essentially an unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science. Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity, who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic,. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? Thats hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story to tell. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media. But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic deathsuch as Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.
第1小题
The passage mainly deals with ________.
第2小题
Heroes and heroines are usually ________.
第3小题
Which of the following statements is wrong?
第4小题
Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love ________.
第5小题
What is more likely to set an icon’s status?

选项：
A.life and death
选项：
B.heroes and heroines
选项：
C.heroes and icons
选项：
D.icons and celebrities
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